Type of virus: double-stranded DNA, enveloped virus
Reservoir: humans
TYPE I:
Transmission: via oral or respiratory route, also skin contact.
Pathogenicity: it is estimated that 90% in the U.S. have been infected, with 15% developing cold sores (fever blisters). Normally contracted as an infant.
Other: the virus remains latent in trigeminal nerve ganglion until triggered by any number of traumas including sun exposure, emotional upset, illness, etc. Recurrences usually decrease in number and duration as patient ages. This viral type may also cause genital herpes.
TYPE II:
Transmission: via sexual contact
Pathogenicity: 30 million cases in the US today. Incubation is one week or less, then burning lesions appear and vesicles containing infectious fluid develop. Urination can be painful, even walking can be uncomfortable. Lesions usually heal within 2 weeks.
Other: virus will remain latent in sacral ganglion near the base of the spine. Recurrence varies from patient to patient. 88% experience them with an average of one every 3 to 4 months. If primary infection occurs in a pregnant woman near the time of delivery, neonatal herpes can cross the placenta and cause spontaneous abortion or severe damage to the fetus. If recurrence occurs near the time of delivery, a c-section is recommended to prevent exposure to the infant.
Treatment: acyclovir for reduction of symptoms.
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