| Bismuth - Bi
CAS: 7440-69-9 Description: Brittle white metal with a pink tint Classification: Other Metals Date of Discovery: Known to the ancients Discoverer: Unknown Name Origin: German Weisse Masse "white mass"; later Wisuth and Bisemutum |
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Atomic Number: 83
Number of Neutrons: 126 Atomic Mass: 208.98037(3) amu Melting Point: 271.4 °C Boiling Point: 1564 ± 5 °C Density (293 K): 9.747 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 21.3 cm3/mol Electrical resistivity: 0.00867 10-6/cm 
Thermal conductivity: 0.0787 W/cmK Enthalpy of atomization: 207.1 kJ/mol Enthalpy of vaporization: 104.80 kJ/mol Enthalpy of fusion: 11.30 kJ/mol Specific heat capacity: 0.12 J/gK |
Energy levels: 2-8-18-32-18-5
Electron configuration: [Xe]4f145d106s26p3 Crystal Structure: Rhombohedral Atomic radius: 1.63 Å Covalent radius: 1.46 Å Oxidation States: +3, +5 Electronegativity, Pauling: 2.02 Electron affinity: 0.946 eV First ionization energy: 7.289 eV 2nd ionization energy: 16.687 eV 3rd ionization energy: 25.559 eV Polarizability: 7.4 10-24cm3 |
| Isotope | Natural Abundance | Atomic Mass | Half-life | Decay Mode | Spin |
| 187mBi |  8 ms |
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| 187Bi | 186.9935 | 35 ms | |
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| 188Bi | 187.9922 | |
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| 189mBi | 5 ms |
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| 189Bi | 188.9895 | 0.68 s | |
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| 190Bi | 189.9875 | 5 s |  +, EC; |
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| 191Bi | 190.9861 | 12 s | +, EC; |
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| 192Bi | 191.9854 | 40 s | +, EC; |
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| 193mBi | 3.2 s | +, EC; |
1/2+ | ||
| 193Bi | 192.9837 | 1.11 m | +, EC; |
9/2+ | |
| 194Bi | 193.9828 | 1.8 m | +, EC; |
(10-) | |
| 195mBi | 1.45 m | +, EC; |
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| 195Bi | 194.9811 | 2.9 m | +, EC; |
3/2- | |
| 196Bi | 195.9806 | 5 m | EC | ||
| 197Bi | 196.9789 | 5 m | +, EC |
1/2+ | |
| 198mBi | 7.7 s | IT | (10-) | ||
| 198Bi | 197.9790 | 11.8 m | +, EC |
(7+) | |
| 199mBi | 24.7 m | +, EC |
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| 199Bi | 198.9776 | 27 m | +, EC |
9/2- | |
| 200mBi | 31 m | +, EC |
(2+) | ||
| 200Bi | 199.9781 | 36 m | +; EC |
7+ | |
| 201mBi | 59.1 m | IT; +, EC |
(1/2+) | ||
| 201Bi | 200.97697 | 1.8 h | EC | 9/2- | |
| 202Bi | 201.97768 | 1.72 h | +; EC |
5+ | |
| 203Bi | 202.97687 | 11.8 h | EC; + |
9/2- | |
| 204Bi | 203.9779 | 11.2 h | EC | 6+ | |
| 205Bi | 204.97737 | 15.31 d | EC | 9/2- | |
| 206Bi | 205.97848 | 6.243 d | EC | 6+ | |
| 207Bi | 206.978456 | 35 y | EC | 9/2- | |
| 208Bi | 207.979727 | 3.68 x 105 y | EC | 5+ | |
| 209Bi | 100. | 208.980384 | Stable | 9/2- | |
| 210mBi | 3.0 x 106 y | |
9- | ||
| 210Bi | 209.984105 | 5.01 d | - |
1- | |
| 211Bi | 210.98726 | 2.14 m | ; - |
9/2- | |
| 212m2Bi | 7 m | - |
(15-) | ||
| 212m1Bi | 25.0 m | ; - |
(9-) | ||
| 212Bi | 211.991271 | 1.009 h | -; |
(1-) | |
| 213Bi | 212.99437 | 45.6 m | -; |
9/2- | |
| 214Bi | 213.99870 | 19.7 m | - |
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| 215Bi | 215.0018 | 7.7 m | - |
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| 216Bi | 216.0062 | 3.6 m | - |
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In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead in 1753. It is a white crystalline, brittle metal with a pinkish tinge. It occurs native. The most important ores are bismuthinite or bismuth
glance (Bi2S3) and bismite (Bi2O3). Peru, Japan, Mexico, Bolivia, and Canada are major bismuth producers. Much of the bismuth produced in the U.S. is obtained as a by-product in refining lead, copper, tin, silver, and gold ores. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). "Bismanol" is a permanent magnet of high coercive force, made of MnBi, by the U.S. Naval Surface Weapons Center. Bismuth expands 3.32% on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals such as tin, cadmium etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys which are
extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocouple material, and has found application as a carrier for U-235 or U-233 fuel in atomic reactors. Its soluble salts are
characterized by forming insoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine. Natural bismuth contains
only one isotope Bi-209. Forty-one isotopes and isomers of bismuth are known.
LINKS: AMM Online - Bismuth Profile The Bismuth Institute BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE: HOW POTENT IS THE PINK STUFF? Elemental bismuth THE INCA'S USE OF BISMUTH Information, data sheet and standard forms Procter & Gamble - Health Care Return
Sources for the information on this website include: Lide, David R., ed. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 78th Ed., 1997-1998. |
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