Indium

Indium - In

CAS: 7440-74-6
Description: Silver-white metal
Classification: Other Metals
Date of Discovery: 1863
Discoverer: Ferdinand Reich
Name Origin: from the brilliant indigo line in its spectrum

Atomic Number: 49
Number of Neutrons: 66
Atomic Mass: 114.818(3) amu
Melting Point: 156.5985 °C
Boiling Point: 2072 °C
Density (293 K): 7.31 g/cm³
Atomic volume: 15.7 cm³/mol
Electrical resistivity: 0.116 10^-6/cm

Thermal conductivity: 0.816 W/cmK
Enthalpy of atomization: 242.67 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of vaporization: 231.50 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of fusion: 3.263 kJ/mol
Specific heat capacity: 0.23 J/gK

Energy levels: 2-8-18-18-3
Electron configuration: [Kr]4d¹⁰5s²5p¹
Crystal Structure: Tetragonal
Atomic radius: 2.00 Å
Covalent radius: 1.44 Å
Oxidation States: +1, +2 or +3
Electronegativity, Pauling: 1.78
Electron affinity: 0.3 eV
First ionization energy: 5.786 eV
2nd ionization energy: 18.869 eV
3rd ionization energy: 28.03 eV
Polarizability: 9.1 10^-24cm³

Isotope	Natural Abundance	Atomic Mass	Half-life	Decay Mode	Spin
⁹⁹In	98.9346	⁺
¹⁰⁰In	99.9316	5 s	⁺, (p)
¹⁰¹In	100.9266	⁺
¹⁰²In	101.9243	23 s	EC	(5)
¹⁰³In	102.91991	1.1 m	⁺, EC	9/2+
^104mIn	16 s	IT
¹⁰⁴In	103.9183	1.84 m	⁺, EC	5+
^105mIn	43 s	IT	1/2-
¹⁰⁵In	104.91467	5.1 m	⁺, EC	9/2+
^106mIn	5.3 m	⁺; EC	3+
¹⁰⁶In	105.91346	6.2 m	⁺; EC	7+
^107mIn	51 s	IT	1/2-
¹⁰⁷In	106.91029	32.4 m	⁺; EC	9/2+
^108mIn	57 m	⁺; EC	6+
¹⁰⁸In	107.90971	40 m	⁺; EC	3+
^109mIn	1.3 m	IT	1/2-
¹⁰⁹In	108.90715	4.2 h	⁺; EC	9/2+
^110mIn	4.9 h	EC	7+
¹¹⁰In	109.90717	1.15 h	⁺; EC	2+
^111mIn	7.7 m	IT	1/2-
¹¹¹In	110.90511	2.8049 d	EC	9/2+
^112mIn	20.8 m	IT	4+
¹¹²In	111.90553	14.4 m	⁺; EC; ^-
^113mIn	1.658 h	IT	1/2-
¹¹³In	4.29(2)	112.904062	Stable	9/2+
^114mIn	49.51 d	IT	5+
¹¹⁴In	113.904918	^-; EC	1+
^115mIn	4.486 h	IT; ^-	1/2-
¹¹⁵In	95.71(2)	114.903879	4.4 x 10¹⁴y	^-	9/2+
^116m2In	2.16 s	IT	8-
^116m1In	54.1 m	^-	5+
¹¹⁶In	115.905261	14.1 s	^-	1+
^117mIn	1.94 h	^-; IT	1/2-
¹¹⁷In	116.90452	44 m	^-	9/2+
^118m2In	8.5 s	IT; ^-	(8-)
^118m1In	4.40 m	^-	5+
¹¹⁸In	117.90636	5.0 s	^-	1+
^119mIn	17.9 m	^-; IT	1/2-
¹¹⁹In	118.90585	2.3 m	^-	9/2+
^120mIn	47 s	^-	8-
¹²⁰In	119.90796	3.1 s	^-	(1+)
^121mIn	3.8 m	^-; IT	1/2-
¹²¹In	120.90785	23 s	^-	9/2+
^122mIn	10 s	^-	8-
¹²²In	121.91028	1.5 s	^-	(1+)
^123mIn	47 s	^-	(1/2-)
¹²³In	122.91044	6.0 s	^-	(9/2+)
^124mIn	3.4 s	^-	8-
¹²⁴In	123.91318	3.18 s	^-	3+
^125mIn	12.2 s	^-	1/2-
¹²⁵In	124.91360	2.33 s	^-	9/2+
^126mIn	1.53 s	3+
¹²⁶In	125.91646	1.63 s	^-	8-
^127mIn	3.73 s	^-	(1/2-)
¹²⁷In	126.91734	1.14 s	^-	(9/2+)
^128mIn	0.7 s	^-	(8-)
¹²⁸In	127.92017	0.80 s	^-	3+
^129mIn	1.23 s	^-; n	1/2-
¹²⁹In	128.9217	0.63 s	^-	9/2+
^130m2In	0.53 s	^-	5+
^130m1In	0.51 s	^-	10-
¹³⁰In	129.92486	0.29 s	^-	1-
^131m2In	0.3 s	^-	(21/2+)
^131m1In	0.35 s	^-	(1/2-)
¹³¹In	130.9268	0.28 s	^-	(9/2+)
¹³²In	131.9323	0.20 s	^-	(7-)
¹³³In	0.18 s	^-, (n)
Discovered by Reich and Richter, who later isolated the metal. Indium is most frequently associated with zinc materials, and it is from these that most commercial indium is now obtained; however, it is also found in iron, lead, and copper ores. Until l924, a gram or so constituted the world's supply of this element in isolated form. It is probably about as abundant as silver. It is available in ultrapure form. Indium is a very soft, silvery-white metal with a brilliant luster. The pure metal gives a high-pitched "cry" when bent. It wets glass, as does gallium. It has found application in making low-melting alloys; an alloy of 24% indium-76% gallium is liquid at room temperature. It is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, thermistors, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. There is evidence that indium has a low order of toxicity; however, care should be taken until further information is available. Sixty seven isotopes and isomers are now recognized (more than any other element). Natural indium contains two isotopes. One is stable. The other, ¹¹⁵In, comprising 95.71% of natural indium is slightly radioactive with a very long half-life. LINKS: AMM Online - Indium Profile Indium and Vacuum Seals Indium Corporation of America Indium Leukocyte Scan USGS Minerals Information: Indium Return Sources for the information on this website include: Lide, David R., ed. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 78th Ed., 1997-1998.

Site Navigation - want to skip?